Horses are capable of distinguishing a wide range of odors. We are not aware of any research to distinguish exactly how many distinct odors, but the horse's sense of smell is much better than that of a human. The horse also uses a highly sensitive organ, referred to as the Jacobsen’s organ or vomeronasal organ. This organ is also where most pheromones are received and processed. It is believed that the Flehmen response, where the horse curls its upper lip upward, helps direct odors toward the Jacobsen's organ. Here is a link to the eXtension page further describing the horse's sense of smell.

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